^ ابپتٹثIn many of the dialects that have an apicalrhotic consonant, a recursive Sandhi process of retroflexion occurs wherein clusters of /r/ and dental consonants /rd/, /rl/, /rn/, /rs/, /rt/ produce ہم مخرجی حروف صحیح realizations: [ɖ], [ɭ], [ɳ], [ʂ], [ʈ]. In dialects with a guttural R, such as Southern and Western Norwegian dialects, these are [ʁd], [ʁl], [ʁn], [ʁs], [ʁt].
↑/r/ varies considerably in different dialects, being alveolar in some dialects and uvular in others.
^ ابپتBefore /r/, the quality of non-high front vowels is changed: /eː/ and /ɛ/ lower to [æː] and [æ].